Differentiate between the story and plot which relate to the diegetic world of the narrative that the audience are positioned to accept and that which the audience actually see.
Story = Events in the order of which it happens. Based this on the Russian film theory, Fabula.
Plot = How the story is presented. Based on the Russian film theory, Syuzhet.
(Narratives are made up of both)
Tom O'Sullivan et al (1998)
Argues all media texts tell some sort of story -
- Through careful mediation, media texts offer a way of telling stories about ourselves - not usually our own personal stories, but the use of us as a culture / set of cultures.
- Narative theory sets out to show that we experience when we 'read' a story is to understand a particular set of constructions or conventions and that it is important.
Every story ever told can be fitted into one of eight narrative types. Each of these narratives have a source, an original story upon which the others are based. These stories are as follows:
1. Archilles -
The fatal flaw that leads to the destruction of the previously or almost flawless person.
eg. Superman
2. Candide -
The indomitable hero who cannot be put down
eg. James Bond,Rocky, Indiana Jones
3. Cinderella -
Dream come true
eg Pretty Woman
4. Circe -
The chase = the innocent and the victim
eg. The Terminator
5. Faust -
Selling your soul to the devil may bring riches but eventually your soul belongs to him
eg. Bedazzled, Wall Street
6. Orpheus -
The loss of something persdonal, the gift that is taken away, the tragedy/loss etc.
eg. The Sixth Sense
7.Romeo and Juliet -
Love story
eg. Titanic
8. Tristah and Iseult -
Love triangle, man loves women but she is taken or vice versa or a third party intervines.
eg. Casablanca
Sven Carlson (1999)
Suggests that music videos fall into two categories:
1. Performance Clips
Shows vocalist in one or more settings (eg. recording studio) but can take place anywhere, this includes song/instrumental/dance performance.
Narrative clip = visual story which is easy to follow
(Pure - no lip-synching)
(Art Clip - No narrative)
2. Conceptual Clips
something else
Pam Cook (19850 - structure of classic narrative
- Linearity of casue and effect within an overall trajectory of enigma resolution.
- A high degree of narrative closure
- A fictional world that contains verisimilitude, especially governed by spatial and temporal coherence
1. A point of stable equilibrium (balance) where everything is satisfied, calm and normal.
2. Stability is disrupted by some kind of force = creates disequilibrium
3. Recognition that a disruption has taken place
4. Restoration of a new state of equilibrium. Change the state of the narrative or characters so a re-equilibrium is created, so it is not the same.
Barthes (1997)
Narrative works with five different codes and enigma codes to keep up setting problems / puzzles for the audience.
His action code (a look, significant word, movement) based on our cultural and stereotypical understanding of actions to advancing the narrative.
Tilley (1991)
Used the buckling of a gun belt in the Western Genre as a meaning of signifying the preffered reading of a imminent shoot out.
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